The Last Emperor is legendary for its production credentials. It was a multinational co-production (Italy, China, UK) that employed over 19,000 extras and 9,000 costumes. Crucially, the Chinese government granted Bertolucci permission to film within the actual Forbidden City in Beijing—a location previously closed to Western filmmakers. This authenticity provides a stunning visual backdrop, contrasting the immense, labyrinthine halls of the palace with the intimate, often solitary figure of Puyi.
Upon release, The Last Emperor was a critical and commercial triumph. It won all nine Academy Awards for which it was nominated, including Best Picture, Best Director (Bertolucci), and Best Adapted Screenplay. It remains the last film to achieve such a clean sweep. However, the film has not been without controversy. Some historians have criticized it for historical inaccuracies (e.g., compressing timelines, omitting certain brutalities of Puyi’s collaboration). Others have noted a romanticized, almost Orientalist gaze in its depiction of the Forbidden City’s decadence. The Last Emperor
Bertolucci argues that true liberation for Puyi comes not with political change but with the renunciation of identity. The climactic moment occurs when the prison warden hands him a basin and declares, “Now you are a gardener.” Puyi weeps, not in sorrow but in relief. He is finally no one. The Last Emperor is legendary for its production credentials
The film’s most persistent theme is psychological and physical entrapment. As a child, Puyi is told, “In this place, you are the most high… but it is also your cage.” He is surrounded by eunuchs, tutors, and servants, yet utterly isolated from the outside world. His attempts to escape—running to the great gates of the Forbidden City—are futile. Later, as a puppet emperor, he is trapped by ambition and cowardice. Finally, in prison, he learns to see his former “glory” as a crime. It remains the last film to achieve such a clean sweep
