| Aspect | Description | |--------|-------------| | | Dynamic equivalence – focuses on natural English flow rather than literal word-for-word translation. Idiomatic Chinese phrases (e.g., “吃我的拳头” → “Taste my fist”) are localized. | | Accuracy | High. Cultural terms (e.g., wushu , qi , Jade Emperor ) are preserved. Proper names (e.g., 金燕子 – Golden Sparrow) are consistently used. | | Timing | Well-synced to dialogue. Reading speed is comfortable for average adult readers. | | SDH vs. Standard | SDH includes non-dialogue cues ( [swords clashing] , [dramatic music] , [sighs] ). Standard subtitles translate only spoken Mandarin. |