Kirateen
Their greatest festival is (thanksgiving to nature for a good harvest) and Ubhauli (prayers for a good harvest to come). During these festivals, thousands of Kirateen gather in open grounds ( Sakela-than ) to perform the Sakela dance .
According to the Gopal Raj Vamsavali (a ancient chronicle of Nepal), the Kirateen kings reigned for approximately 1,225 years (roughly 800 BCE to 300 CE). Their most famous king, , is a mythical hero who is said to have attended the great Kurukshetra war (the setting of the Bhagavad Gita ). The city of "Yala" (the original Newari name for Patan) is named after him.
Because it is oral, the rhythm and chanting of the Mundhum are considered the heartbeat of Kirat culture. The Kirateen are animists. They do not worship idols in temples; rather, they worship nature—the sun, the moon, the river, and specific sacred stones ( Sila ).
Do you have Kirat heritage, or have you visited a Sakela festival? Share your story in the comments below! Disclaimer: This post is for educational purposes. The term "Kirateen" is used here as a collective ethnographic term; specific customs vary widely between Rai, Limbu, Yakkha, and Sunuwar subgroups. kirateen
Similarly, the Doko (bamboo basket) is a symbol of Kirat resilience. Due to their hilly geography, everything from a toddler to a sack of rice is carried in a Doko strapped to the forehead. The strength of a Kirateen woman is often measured by how much she can carry in her Doko . In the 21st century, the Kirateen face a crisis of identity. With the dominance of Hinduism and Christianity in the region, the younger generation is losing touch with the Mundhum . Many no longer know their Kuldevta (ancestral deity) or their clan's origin story.
The next time you sip a cup of Dhankuta tea or trek through the Arun Valley, remember the Kirateen. They are not a footnote in history; they are the living spine of the Eastern Himalayas.
However, there is a powerful revival happening. (the formalized religion based on Mundhum) is now recognized by the government of Nepal. Young activists are using TikTok and Instagram to teach the Sakela steps. Writers are finally transcribing the oral Mundhum into books. Their greatest festival is (thanksgiving to nature for
Imagine thousands of people dressed in white daura-suruwals with silver coin necklaces ( Saya ) and vibrant red headbands ( Faskam ). They move in a massive circle, stomping their feet and swaying their arms to mimic the actions of nature—farming, bird flying, and animal hunting. It is hypnotic, joyful, and deeply spiritual. While the world knows the Khukuri (curved knife) as the weapon of the Gurkha soldiers, for the Kirateen, it is a ritual object. A Rai or Limbu man rarely goes without his Khukuri ; it is used for sacrifices (usually goats or chickens during festivals), clearing jungle, and cooking.
Often called the "Lion People" for their fierce independence and bravery, the Kirateen hold a unique chapter in history: they are the first recorded rulers of the Kathmandu Valley, mentioned in the ancient Hindu epic, the Mahabharata .
The Mundhum is not just a religious text; it is a living oral scripture. Passed down from shaman to shaman ( Fedangma for the Rais, Yeba/Yema for the Limbus) for millennia, it contains the history of their migration, the genealogy of their clans, herbal medicine, and the rules for living in harmony with the forest. Their most famous king, , is a mythical
Note: "Kirateen" appears to be a less common or regional term. Based on linguistic patterns, it is likely a misspelling or phonetic variation of (the ancient tribes of the Himalayas, particularly in Nepal and Northeast India) or "Carotene" (the organic pigment). Given the structure of the word, this post assumes you are referring to the Kirat people (Kirateen as a plural/collective adjective). If you meant the antioxidant, please let me know! The Kirateen: Guardians of the Eastern Himalayas When you trek through the misty hills of eastern Nepal or the dense forests of Sikkim and Darjeeling, you walk on ancient land. Long before the modern borders of India and Nepal were drawn, the Kirateen (also known as the Kirat or Kiranti people) were the original custodians of these slopes.
The Kirateen are proving that you can be a modern professional while still honoring the spirit of the mountain. The story of the Kirateen is not just an ethnic history; it is a lesson in sustainability. They have lived on the same slopes for 2,500 years without destroying the forests because their religion demands respect for every animal and tree.
Even today, the Pashupatinath Temple —the holiest Hindu shrine in Nepal—has a priest who must be a Bhandari (of Kirat origin), honoring that ancient legacy. Unlike Hindus who follow the Vedas or Christians who follow the Bible, the Kirateen follow the Mundhum (or Mundum ).